Using science and technology as the measure, when did the modern world begin

The creation and use of the atomic bomb may be considered as the beginning of the new world if measured by the technology and science as this particular event has created the time line before and after. There are a lot of reasons why this particular event should be considered as the beginning of the modern times, and one of the main reasons is the absence of the way back.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Using science and technology as the measure, when did the modern world begin? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More People are unable to forget about the invention, scientists cannot stop the process of producing the bomb in the world and, therefore, they cannot guarantee that the atom bomb will never be used. It is just possible to remember the events before and during the World War II to understand that the modern world will never be the same as it was when the atom bomb did not exist. One of the sources states, â€Å"War dominated and can almost be said to have determined global politics in the twentieth century. War strained the empires the Europeans had constructed so laboriously in the nineteenth century. In the first half of the twentieth century, those empires barely endured, and in the second half, they all collapsed† (Fernandez-Armesto 987). War and tension in the relationships between the countries were the main reasons for the burst of innovations and development in the weapon sphere. The arms race was really important for the countries as even because of the Postwar Disillusionment (Fernandez-Armesto 958) after the First World Was and the desire to prevent another conflict, the World War II was inevitable because of the number of reasons. However, the wars cannot be called the beginning of the modern world as many wars were held earlier and the improvement in weapon cannot be considered as the issue. However, atom bomb is another aspect. It is the beginning of the modern world as it offers absolutely new level of leading the war and Hiroshima and Nagasaki is a great example. Remembering the history of the creation of the atom bomb, the quite simple story emerges. Being afraid that Hitler will make an atom bomb US and UK decided to work together on the creation of such weapon. Thus, the bomb was created and it was used on Japan.Advertising Looking for assessment on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The day when atom bombs was used in Hiroshima and Nagasaki is the day of the beginning of the new modern era, the period when the weapon of the mass destruction was applied in the direction of a human being (Hepp 126). Therefore, this events (the creation of the atom bomb) is the beginning of the new modern life due to the fact that this case is crucial. It has made the Japan population to start a new timeline which starts with â€Å"after† the atom bomb use. Dwelling in detail about th e beginning of a new Age of Atom weapon, the recollections of a person who survived after the attack on Hiroshima in 1945 should be considered. Dr. Michihiko Hachiya remembers that â€Å"Suddenly, a strong flash of light startled me – and then another† (â€Å"Surviving the Atomic Attack on Hiroshima† n.p.). The description reminds about the world creation, when a splash gave birth to the whole mankind. Atom bomb use is really the beginning of the new era, the era when people are o be afraid of the inventions they make, the era where the science begins the main influencing power in economical and political life. Nowadays, each country tries to create something innovation in the world of science as the country development depends on it. Since the creation of the Atom bomb, people are focused on science and the discoveries which are made there in order not to miss the beginning of another, more innovative era. Therefore, it may be concluded that the consideration o f the creation of the atom bomb as the starting point for the modern world is reasonable. This is the event which has separated the whole history of the mankind on before the atom bomb creation and after it. It is impossible to think about more powerful and determining invention in the scientific world. Considering science as the measure for identifying the beginning of the modern world, it is important to check the discoveries which put the world under the circumstances which cannot be corrected. The invention of the atom bomb is exactly such an event as nowadays this fact makes the whole mankind live in fear and constant tension being afraid that one of the countries will use this kind of weapon. Moreover, there is an idea that the beginning is there where the end is. Such principle works in the labyrinth but it is perfectly fits the situation. Atom bomb creation was the beginning of the world, and it may become the end of the human existence if this kind of weapon is used. Atom b ombs are aimed at destroying of everything on the Earth and creation of this type of weapon is by no means the beginning of the modern civilization which may destroy itself.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Using science and technology as the measure, when did the modern world begin? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Works Cited Fernandez-Armesto, Felipe. World: Brief History, Combined Vol. New York: Academic Internet Publishers, 2009. Print. Hepp, John H. â€Å"Historical Foundations of the Modern World.† Lectures 6 March 2012. Print. â€Å"Surviving the Atomic Attack on Hiroshima, 1945,† EyeWitness to History, 2011 Web. www.eyewitnesstohistory.com This assessment on Using science and technology as the measure, when did the modern world begin? was written and submitted by user Venus Dee Milo to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Misplaced Modifier - Definitions and Examples

Misplaced Modifier s A misplaced modifier is a word, phrase, or clause that doesnt clearly relate to the word or phrase it is intended to modify. In prescriptive grammar, misplaced modifiers are usually regarded as errors. Mark Lester and Larry Beason point out that misplaced modifiers do not make sentences ungrammatical. Misplaced modifiers are wrong because they say something the writer did not intend to say (McGraw-Hill Handbook, 2012). A misplaced modifier can usually be corrected by moving it closer to the word or phrase it should be describing. See Examples and Observations below. Also see: Practice in Avoiding Misplaced Modifiers Examples and Observations Plastic bags are a favorite of grocers because of their price, about 2 cents per bag compared to 5 cents for paper. Used widely since the 1970s, environmentalists now estimate between 500 billion to a trillion bags are produced annually worldwide.(Savannah Morning News, January 30, 2008)â€Å"An hour later a chubby man in a wrinkled suit with pasty skin walked in.†(David Baldacci, The Innocent. Grand Central Publishing, 2012)A Swiss farmer has discovered a huge trove of ancient Roman coins in his cherry orchard. . . .  Weighing around 15kg (33lb), he discovered the coins after spotting something shimmering in a molehill.(BBC News, November 19, 2015)Bank worker tried to film naked women as they lay in tanning booths on his mobile phone.(Headline in the Daily Mail [UK], September 6, 2012)For many people eating spoonfuls of Marmite every day would be their worst nightmare, but for St John Skelton it’s his dream job. . . . Despite being loathed by millions across the worl d, St John can’t get enough of the stuff and eats it almost every day.(Meet the Man Who Earns a Living Eating Marmite. The Sun [UK], April 14, 2012) Princess Beatrice, who is starting a history degree at Goldsmiths College, London, later this year, was photographed running in the surf on the island of St Barts with her American boyfriend Dave Clark dressed in a blue bikini last month.(Sarah, Duchess of York Defends Princess Beatrices Weight Against Rude Critics. The Daily Telegraph [UK], May 13, 2008)April Dawn Peters, 31, of 2194 Grandview Way, in Cosby, [was] arrested Sept. 19, at 10:30 p.m., and charged with aggravated assault after she allegedly hit a man on his head at least five times with a hammer that she was having sex with.(Newport [Tenn.] Plain Talk, September 22, 2012)And when upon your dainty breast I layMy wearied head, more soft than eiderdown.(William Nathan Stedman)They just said its going to rain on the radio.(Tiger comic strip)You are welcome to visit the cemetery where famous Russian composers, artists, and writers are buried daily, except on Thursdays.(in a guide to a Russian Orthodox monastery) Historians have been kept guessing over claims [that] Dr James Barry, Inspector General of Military Hospitals, was in fact a woman for more than 140 years.(The Daily Telegraph [UK], March 5, 2008)One of three sisters, Hilda’s father was a butcher who ran four shops in Oldham.(Tot of Sherry Keeps Hilda Going! Oldham Evening Chronicle [UK], August 20, 2010)Her only full-time paid employee is a pleasant young woman with a nose ring named Rebecca, who sits at the front desk.(reprinted in The New Yorker)She handed out brownies to children wrapped in Tupperware.(reprinted in The Revenge of Anguished English, by Richard Lederer)After being busted on drug charges in Los Angeles last month, a federal judge will decide on Friday whether to rescind his probation and send the rapper back to prison.(Rapper T.I. Talks Man off Ledge. Slate, October 14, 2010)Comedian Russell Brand revealed he did have sex with model Sophie Coady during a High Court hearing on Monday.(Russell Brand Confesses i n Court . . .. The Daily Mail [UK], December 24, 2013) Safires Bloopie Awards Never has the competition for the Most Egregiously Misplaced Modifier Bloopie been hotter. Among the candidates:Lands End, the Direct Merchants, on their bathing attire: We can fit you in a swimsuit that fits and flattersright over the phone! The swimsuit flatters over the phone? . . . Better to swing the end of the sentence to the front, where the pronoun to be modified can be found: Right over the phone, we can fit you etc.And heres a juicy one from Minute Maid: Help todays U.S. Olympic Hopefuls become tomorrows Olympic Champions by purchasing Minute Maid Quality Products. Athletes do not become tomorrows champs by purchasing anything; swing the end around to the beginning and attach it to a you: By purchasing . . . you can help etc.The winner in this category? The envelope, please: Its Honda Motor Cars, with its wildly swerving claim, While pleasing to your eye, the air passing over and around the body hardly notices it. Air is not pleasing to your eye; the cars body should come i mmediately after the modifying phrase. Thus: While pleasing to your eye, the body is hardly noticed by the air passing over and around it. That formulation would not make a whole lot of sense, either, but at least the modifier would be attached to the right noun.(William Safire, On Language: The Bloopie Awards. The New York Times, May 17, 1992) Slippery Modifiers Certain modifiers are slippery; they slide into the wrong position in the sentence. The most dangerous are only, almost, already, even, just, nearly, merely, and always. No: They almost worked five years on that system. Yes: They worked almost five years on that system. In general, these slippery descriptors should appear just before the terms they modify. (E. H. Weiss, 100 Writing Remedies. Greenwood, 1990) James Thurber on the Placement ofOnly Where to use only in a sentence is a moot question, one of the mootest questions in all rhetoric. The purist will say that the expression: He only died last week is incorrect, and that it should be: He died only last week. The purists contention is that the first sentence, if carried out to a natural conclusion, would give us something like this: He only died last week, he didnt do anything else, thats all he did. It isnt a natural conclusion, however, because nobody would say that and if anybody did it would be likely to lead to stomping of feet and clapping of hands, because it is one of those singy-songy expressions which set a certain type of person to acting rowdy and becoming unmanageable. It is better just to let the expression go, either one way or the other, because, after all, this particular sentence is of no importance except in cases where one is breaking the news to a mother. In such cases one should begin with: Mrs. Gormley, your son has had an accident, or: Mrs. Gorml ey, your son is not so good, and then lead up gently to: He died only last week.The best way is often to omit only and use some other expression. Thus, instead of saying: He only died last week, one could say: It was no longer ago than last Thursday that George L. Wodolgoffing became an angel. Moreover, this is more explicit and eliminates the possibility of a misunderstanding as to who died.(James Thurber, Our Own Modern English Usage: Only and One. The New Yorker, February 23, 1929. Reprinted in The Owl in the Attic and Other Perplexities. Harper Brothers, 1931) Pronunciation: MIS-plast MOD-i-FI-er

Role of Courts in Fulfilling the Objectives of the Human Rights Act 19 Research Paper

Role of Courts in Fulfilling the Objectives of the Human Rights Act 1998 - Research Paper Example The author of the paper states that the discrepancy created, in determining as to who constitutes a public authority, by the UK courts has adversely affected human rights protection. The failure of the courts to properly utilize the mandate given to them by Parliament, in this context, has proved to be unfair and biased towards individuals; thereby violating the provisions of the Human Rights Act 1998. As such the present status of the case law, in this regard, has proved to be irreconcilable with the objectives set out by Parliament. The Courts have been interpreting the provisions of section 6(3) (b) in a narrow way so that most of the organizations are not covered by the definition of Public Authority. The result is that the rights provided by the European Convention are not being implemented properly. Furthermore, courts are determining whether a regulatory body can be considered as a public authority, under the purview of s 6(3)(b), Human Rights Act, on the basis of their instit utional position. In the Aston Cantlow case, the House of Lords had opined that there was a need to adopt a different approach while dealing with important public authorities. This new approach was to be different from that adopted in cases involving functional agencies. Under Section 6(1) of the Human Rights Act, such core public authorities have to invariably ensure that the rights provided by the Convention are respected in their activities, irrespective of public or private activities. Section 6(3) (b) of the Human Rights Act stipulates that the core authorities are under an obligation to ensure that the rights of Convention had been adhered to in their public functions. According to Lord Hope, there should be a clear demarcation between the public and private functions of core authorities, as required by Section 6(3) (b) of the Human Rights Act. This particular section has wide applicability and is dependent to a large extent on the various factors involved in any particular ca se. The function performed by any particular authority determines whether that authority is a core public authority.

Routine Vaginal Examination in Labour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Routine Vaginal Examination in Labour - Essay Example Vaginal exams have become routine during pregnancy in most parts of the United States. Interpreting labour progress is complex and requires experience, knowledge, and judgment, which are aided by continuity of care from a midwife to the pregnant woman (Dixon & Foureur, 2010). In this essay we will be focusing on the vaginal examination in labour. It has been observed that vaginal examinations in labour are used as a procedure through which the healthcare professionals demonstrate the progress of labour and the condition of labouring women. Vaginal examination helps and guides the doctors and midwives to estimate the time left in labour. The care and importance that a woman experiences during her pregnancy always has a great influence on her (Beech & Phipps, 2004). The regular examination of vagina to evaluate the progress of labour is one such care. The woman through this examination can assess the length, strength, position, and intensity required to take it to the end. Vaginal exam ination is not just a routine practice; rather it is undertaken to get variety of information for the well being of a mother and her child. The information that the healthcare professionals get from it are the fetal presentation, information on cervical effacement, consistency and dilatation of cervix, head movement of the fetal, and position of the nuchal cord. The doctors and midwives get to know what is happening to the patient and her labour with regard to the intensity of contraction (Thorpe & Anderson, 2006). They can identify the length of cervix dilatation and the time remaining for the labour. Vaginal examinations remain the most traditional and acknowledged method of measuring progress in... This report stresses that the resistance from the leaders and the key people is logical while implementing the change. Resistance is also made from the individuals and groups in terms of emotions, and social ties, etc. The resistance that is valuable for leadership and organization in terms of rules, and structure of change is fairly reasonable. The building relationship of trust between supervisor and those who are working with them is also necessary. The midwives cannot adopt a change until they have seen the supervisor practicing it. For this purpose, the supervisors and leaders have to provide them with support and guidance. This paper makes a conclusion that the midwives’ practice and role is accounted as the most major during this process, even more vital than a doctor. It all depends on midwives whether they feel the need for a vaginal examination or not. Mostly, they are so experienced that they can anticipate about the progress of labour through the breathing and condition of a patient. Vaginal examination is considered to be an essential clinical assessment tool through which the progress of labour is determined. Before introducing a change, the supervisors and the key people have to make plans for its implementation and a strategy through which the midwives can easily adopt the change. For this the supervisors have to prepare themselves for the meetings, research the ways through which they can convince the midwives, and prioritize the actions. Bringing a change is not easy, and to implement a change, the change has to be valid and have proper consents.

Criminal Justice Agency Budget Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Criminal Justice Agency Budget - Case Study Example Budgets should reflect management's planned change initiatives, related costs, and expected results. 2) Performance-past and current performance, as well as that of like organizations, should contribute to the budgeting process. Consideration needs to be given to uncontrollable external changes that could dramatically affect the operation and its results. Examples of such events include rising energy costs, economic slowdowns, foreign threats, shifts in technology, and changing global markets. 3) People-good intra- and inter-organizational communications are essential to developing both good plans and good budgets. From customers to suppliers to internal personnel, the higher the quality of information, thought, and input into the process, the more likely a more realistic budget will result. The Fiscal Services Unit of the City of Yonkers is responsible for preparing and monitoring the police department's budget, processing its payroll, keeping time and leave records for its personnel, and ensuring that reimbursements due the department are obtained in a timely manner. (McElron, 2008) The unit also provides statistical information to city departments as well as outside government agencies. Presently, the unit consists of a Captain, an Account Clerk IV (Jackie Olmsted), a Clerk III (Flo Fallon), two Clerk IIs (Janet Castelli, and Louise Campbell) and a Clerk I (Michael Gale). The Fiscal Services Unit prepares operating and capital budget requests for the police department based on information provided by each unit or division's commanding officer. In accordance with the readings for this course, I would classify the budget system as an annual system (meaning that a budget is proposed for each year). For fiscal year 2007/2008, which began on July 1, 2007 and continues until June 30, 2008, the police department's operating budget is $69,106,663; personnel costs comprise 98% of the operating budget. After receiving the adopted budget from the city, the Fiscal Services Unit monitors expenditures to ensure that they are in compliance with the department's budget. The annual budget model is the best suited for the City of Yonkers as it allows the Fiscal Services Unit to maintain the pulse of the budget while planning ahead for the city's needs for the next year. (Bennett & Hess, 2007, pg. 416) In administering the budget, the Fiscal Servi

Life Experience of Children Living with Extended Family

Life Experience of Children Living with Extended Family Background Information All of us, despite what social status we are, whether we are poor or rich or young or old, we still belong to a family. Our family can come from either immediate or extended family. Immediate family means we belong in a unit where parents and siblings are living together, therefore, in contrary extended family means living together in the same roof with other family members like grandparents, uncles and aunties, in laws, cousins and sometimes stepsiblings. According to Roberts (2010), families with many members in the house make an inconsistent return with about 25% in the 40’s, however decreases to 12% in the 80’s but then shows increasing of 16% in the 90’s. The main reason of why extended families still exists these days is compassion at heart. When elderly relative tentatively become old or young relatives are jobless or family that could not find any babysitter, family members tend to take up the role as a caregiver, just like a line from Robert Frost Ã¢â‚¬Ë œHome is the place where, when you have to go there, they have to take you in’ (Roediger, 2014; Lathem 2006) and take care of the family’s wellbeing. A house that filled with many relatives represent love and happiness, despite any reasons, there will always be some issues upfront for example conflict between family members and in-laws or the competition between both families in aspect such as financial and education as seen in Goodwin’s research. Goodwin (2012) states that past studies back in the 30s had found that conflict between parents greatly affect children especially in their emotional state. The question of ‘why children are acting such ways’ has been lingering in the mind of everyone especially the parents. They do not know or understand the reason of why their children are acting in that way, for example during family gathering, children sometimes seen to be quite for the whole gathering or they rather skipped the gathering than attending. Sometimes, children are put under pressure by their parents to be the same level or a level higher than their cousin in order to ‘save faces’ for their parents. However, Goodwin (2012) also said that conflict is part of our life, not many people realised how much children are affected by it and also not realising that children have feelings of their own. The reason of why this topic are chosen is because family plays a role in child’s development (Waites, 2012; Sexton Schuster, 2008), but however not all parents understand the behind reason of children’s emotion. This research is supported by Bowen’s work where he did an in-depth research that he highlights multigenerational approach shows relationship that connects many family members across generations in terms of emotions, thoughts and belief (Dattilio, 2006 as cited in Kerr Bowen, 1988, Miller, Anderson Keala 2004). Furthermore, in order for the multigenerational to keep living, it has linked to long term relationships with family members and also coping the action of others by means one family taking care of elderly, another family members follow suits and thus it continues (Dattilio, 2006 as cited in Kerr Bowen, 1988). But however, according to Dattilio (2006), Bowen later found that there are no mere exposure with individual and family to link with multigenerational transmission as the original findings were inconsistent, only to happen at emotional category. Other than that, the reason why extended family still exists these day is because they provides beneficiate towards su ccess in education through attribution from first cousins and immediate siblings (Jaeger, 2012). Hence the aim of this research is to find out the experiences of children living in extended house. Although most past studies have done towards different race and also in bigger country with bigger population like California (Figueroa Williams, 2012) and South Africa (Waites,2009), this research is focusing in our country, Malaysia where all five participants with different race from small island which is Penang to be representative. Theoretical Framework The research will focus on the life experience children faced when living in an extended family. With this, in order to be more in-depth, emotion theory modified by Schachter-Singer, a two factor emotion based theory that implies human feels arousal first, then make reasoning to why people arouse and identify it as an emotion are used. Nevertheless, children are human and human shows emotion no matter what situation they are facing. Parents that bring warmth to their children actually influences social life of the children and also their development in emotional aspect (Aunola, Tolvanen, Viljaranta Nurmi, 2013 as cited in Hart, Newell Olsen, 2003). Adding to that, another aspect the research are looking into is the parenting styles where they have three different approaches, affective also known as emotional control, behavioural control and psychological approach (Aunola et al, 2013), depending on which styles the parents living in an extended family used that could influence and a ffect the emotion of the child. Research Question The research focus mainly on the experiences of children living in extended family. With that, the research question for the research will be ‘what is the experience of children living in extended family?’ Significant of the Study The important of this study is to learn about the life experience of child living in a house with many generations of members as children is in their growing stage, it is wise to learn about their personal experience as their experience will be different from adults. Besides, nowadays many members of family are staying together with other family member as to save living cost and family bonding. Also, parents will have a better understanding of children’s emotion through the study and would be able to find appropriate educating approach to their children for a better lifestyle. The limitation of this research is the number of participants being interviewed due to limitation of time. This research will only focus on a total of five participants which will be relatively small to represent for children living in an extended family. Other than that, this research will only focus in Penang and the analysis of data might shows different results as compared to bigger country with more population. Also, some participants might be hiding some of their feelings or might fake their experiences when interview is in progress as they might feel shy or inappropriate to share. Research Paradigm The paradigm proposed in this research is post-positivism. Each participant has their own perspective and different thoughts on their feelings, which is why this research uses post-positivism as it does not only focus on single reality. Additionally, to understand how an individual feels and behave, post-positivism brings the first hand life experience of children to the research for better understanding of why they behave and how they feel living in a house with many family members. Methods Approach The research mainly focus on the experience of children living in extended family. As this research is more about experiences of children, consequently the design of the research is a qualitative type as supported in Figueroa Williams (2012). With that, the research focuses into a phenomenological study where the data collected will be using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Phenomenological study provides us with a real life experience on a concept, as for this study, the aim for the study of experience of children living in extended family will be investigated for further understanding on the matter. The experiences and personal view of the children are examine through description and analysis of the data collected from the interview. Through phenomenological research, investigator will gain access to participant’s experience on their life world and meaningful moments of thoughts, sensation and emotion when they live in the same roof with many relatives. Data Collection In this research, researcher will be using individual interview in order to find out about the participant’s experience when living in extended family. Semi-structured questions regarding extended family as attached will be presented to the participants and they are to share their experiences. When doing individual interview, participants might able to share more informations as they can speak freely. Besides that, investigator will have the opportunity to observe participant’s facial expression and body language as they answer questions given to them which in turn, investigator will get a clearer indication of their feelings and thus making a strong judgement on the matter. Furthermore, in individual interview, investigator could follow up with participants at that particular session if they have any doubts or unsure about what the participants say during the interview session. As the research will be a one on one interview, it would takes up approximately 30 minutes o f participant’s time. Before the interview begins, participant will be brief about the purpose of the research and also be informed once again that there will audio recording during the session even though they have already signed the informed consent form. Audio recording will be used for further transcribing. After transcribing, the transcript will be emailed to the participants to be confirm on the validity of the transcript. The recordings however will be kept private and confidential, only the investigator and the supervisor will have the access to it. Participants A total of five participants will be recruited in the study through purposive and snowball method. The reason of why only five participants are being recruited in the study is because the minimal requirement for individual interview is five candidates. In the research, the first participant will be randomly selected with the fulfilment of the ‘living in extended family’ purpose and then followed by the second participant through snowball and the process goes on till the fifth participant. Participants will be asked for permission for their participation in the research and if they agree to be involved, investigator will then make appointment for suitable venue and time to start the interview session. Participants aged 18-21 will be used for the study. This is because participant aged 18 and above are considered as an adult and they are mature enough to give rational thought and answer. Any gender or ethnicity are selected for the study. There will be no specific ethnic s election involved. In the study, no compensation will not be provided for the participants. Data Analysis and Data Modification During the individual session, investigator will carry out interpretative analysis when they proposed the questions to the participants as they try to make sense of what participant are conveying. With them, there will be a reflective diary where the investigator will be using throughout the whole process to make a simple analysis or key notes of what participant saying and making some relevant themes out of it. As the process continues, the researcher will be able to maintain the flow of interview. After the interview session is finished, each and every recordings will be transcribed before the data being analysed. However before that, the transcript will be emailed to the participants to check on the validity of the contents. After the contents are checked, the data will be analysed using Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). The transcripts will be break down in to several small session without changing the exact sentence or word said by participants. From the break down, themes will be formed according to the descriptive summaries of what participants said and also the initial interpretative of the issues. Furthermore, the themes will then compile into a smaller chunk depending on which theme fits in with another theme. Central concept of the data interpretation will be much clearer when the themes are divided into sub theme. IPA is used for exploration of lived experience of participant which in this research is to find out about experiences living in extended family. Subsequently, thematic analysis will be used after the interview ends when investigator listened to the audio recorder and repeatedly reading the transcripts over and over to highlight the significance of the findings and also the similarities and differences of the data. The validity of the findings are checked when all the interpretation consistent with the sub theme.

Iago?s Plan :: essays research papers

The play begins with Rodrigo reprimanding Iago for not doing his job. Rodrigo is paying Iago to pursue Desdemona for him, and he has just learned that she has eloped with Othello. Iago reassures Rodrigo that the plan will eventually work because he himself is motivated to bring Othello down; Othello promoted Michael Cassio to lieutenant rather than Iago, and Iago believes that he was more deserving of the promotion. Iago starts his plan by telling Rodrigo to try and foil Othello and Desdemona’s marriage by telling Brabatio, Desdemona’s father, about their secret marriage. Rodrigo agrees and both proceed to Brabantio’s dwelling. Once there, they cry out to Brabantio, proclaiming that his daughter has been stolen from him. Brabantio is furious and proceeds to confront Othello. Iago, knowing of Brabantio’s plans to confront Othello, rushes to him to warn him. Iago once again deceives Othello into thinking that he is his friend by warning him about Brabantio, when, in reality, he ignited the conflict in the first place. Othello diffuses the situation when he agrees to take the matter to the duke. After Rodrigo hears from Desdemona about her passionate love for Othello, he believes that his hopes of winning Desdemona have gone up in smoke. But once again, Iago reassures him that all will be well in the end. He insists that Rodrigo continues to pay him, â€Å"Put money in thy purse†, he says repeatedly. When Rodrigo exits, Iago, in a soliloquy, confesses his plan to the audience to cheat Rodrigo out of his money and break up Othello’s and Desdemona’s marriage by convincing Othello that Desdemona is unfaithful to him. On the way to Cyprus, Iago is conversing with Cassio, Emilia and Desdemona. He notices that Cassio is very affectionate with Desdemona and decides that this will help convince Othello that she is cheating on him. Once they arrive, Iago is speaking with Rodrigo, and he tells him that he has competition in the race for Desdemona; Cassio, he claims, he second in line, to Desdemona’s hand, if she were to leave Othello. Iago suggests that Rodrigo start a quarrel with Cassio, while he is drunk, in order to provoke him to commit an act that will lead to Cassio falling out of favour with Desdemona. Iago’s real reason for this plot is to have Cassio fall out of favour with Othello, so he will demote him, and will put Iago in his position.

Colonial America to Modern America Essay

All the colonies that were founded in the seventeenth century contributed to the values of perennial America. The three colonies that made the most significant contributions were the colonies of Virginia, Pennsylvania, and Connecticut. These colonies displayed the democratic government that we are ruled under today, their educational opportunities were strong and sound, and the religious toleration of these colonies was strong and many religions shared the colonies in peace. Their social plurality kept them safe from the Indians and helped them build relationships that made their colony successful and thrive, while other colonies struggled to survive. These relationships that were formed helped their economic materialism, trade. The colonies of Virginia, Pennsylvania, and Connecticut contributed greatly to the type of government that we use today. Although Virginia was first ruled by crown, the people, under Nathaniel Bacon, created a document, Declaration in the Name of the People (primary source, document 9). This document convicted the governor of Pennsylvania of crimes against the people and they over threw him and took control for themselves. Pennsylvania, unlike Virginia, was governed right from the start by the people. The type of government in which they were ruled by was a proprietary government, ruled by the land-owning people. Although the proprietary government is not a true democratic government, matters that needed to be resolved were discussed by all (Richard Townsend). Connecticut was completely self-governing. All the control was under the power of the people locally, no outside force had control (pg 37). The educational value of these colonies was very important. Not only did they show that befriending the Indians would prove to be valuable but also very deadly. The social plurality also had a factor in how the Indians responded to the colonies, whether they were welcoming, or hostile. These colonies showed the good and the bad of treating people who were native to the lands. Pennsylvania for example the people were very friendly towards the Indians that were occupying the lands. This kindliness and love created a bond between the Penn’s and the Indians that was not found in many colonies (Richard Townsend). Virginia was different. Although the governor of Virginia was friendly to the Indians, the Indians still attacked the people of the colony. The colonists, lead by Nathaniel Bacon, wanted the governor to attack the Indians and take vengeance for what had happened to the slain colonists. Berkley, the governor, did not attack, so the colonists took matters into their own hands and chased the governor out of town and attacked the Indians brutally (pg 68). This event was important for the educational value because it showed that rulers needed to listen to the people and act for the people to keep them under control and in the rulers favor. The social plurality in Virginia was that the Indians did not want the colonists there, so they attacked the colonists trying to rid them of lands only to create an uprising that killed many people. This shows that not all the Indians had the same views on the colonists. Connecticut both befriended Indians and created war with the Indians at the same time. The Narragansett Indian tribe helped the people of Connecticut in the Pequot war (pg 52). The powerful Pequot Indians took up war with the people of the area. With the Indian allies, the colonists crushed the Pequot threat. The educational value of this war was that although some Indians are hostile, others are kind when there is a common enemy; this idea carries over to modern America. Virginia was the most economically sound colony, other than Massachusetts, because of the tobacco that the colonists grew and exported to England and other countries (pg 67). Ships exported about 1. million pounds of tobacco out of the Chesapeake Bay by the 1630’s. By the end of century, approximately 40 million pounds of tobacco was exported out of the Chesapeake Bay (pg 67). These Virginian farmers needed a major amount of indentured servants. These indentured servants, or slaves, were paid very low wages from their masters. Pennsylvania was not as economically sound as Virginia because they did not have the direct access to the sea, but they did flourish. The colonists of Pennsylvania befriended the Indians which created trade with them, this added culture to both the Indians and the people of Pennsylvania. They also built mills in which the people from all around brought their corn to be ground up and used in many of the foods that were cooked (Richard Townsend). The trade among the people inside Pennsylvania was sound and very vast. Religious toleration is a key part of modern America. Virginia had a vast population of Scots and of the Irish. These people who immigrated to Virginia where allowed to build churches in which they could go and pray and have masses (pg 88). This created diversity in Virginia and made them a prospering colony. Pennsylvania, who was accepting of anyone, allowed people to practice their religion in freedom (Richard Townsend). Connecticut had a harsh religious toleration. The Blue Laws of Connecticut, forbid people to have any other worship than Lord God, or they would be put to death (The Blue Laws of Connecticut, Deuteronomy 13. 6. Exodus 22. 20). There were many other laws that forbid people of other religion to do certain actions. These laws were not accepted vastly, only to the people who read the bible. The colonies of Virginia, Pennsylvania, and Connecticut are three colonies that contributed the most to modern America. Their economic materialism was sound which made them all successful colonies and allowed them to expand and thrive. The democratic values of these colonies helped shape the democracy that we use today. Their educational opportunities gave us the knowledge of knowing what no to do when events like theirs arise again, so history does not repeat itself. The religious toleration made America a country in which any religion is accepted.

Where Do I See Myself in 10 years?

Started from being a little girl who didn’t know what was right or wrong, a girl who just looked at everyone thinking they were weird looking or funny, a girl who loved her family just as much has she loved her binky. To being a woman today with big hopes and dreams, a woman who one day will pursue her goal to being an athletic trainer, and to one day have a family of four. Ten years from now I desire to finish college with a masters in athletic training and work with a professional sports team. I want to save lives in the future and in order for that to happen, I must complete my goals.The beginning of sixth grade was when I first was involved with sports. I loved basketball, but it also was the only sport I did for a year. The next year was when I really got involved with all sports. I participated in volleyball. I never really thought that I, not the smallest or bravest girl, would enjoy volleyball but I did. It was so fun and I was actually good at it! I was so surprised b y the end of the season. I was able to block, reach over the net, hit, pass, and I wasn't afraid to fall to the ground.Now, being a senior in high school and over half way to graduating I absolutely love volleyball. My dream ever since freshman year when we went to a WSU volleyball game was to be college student playing volleyball on a college court in front of a big crowd shouting of my name because I have played great. Since then I have come to realize that I am too short to play college volleyball. I feel really tall next to my friends and family members but when I stand next to the college volleyball players I am a shrimp.I want to do something with my life that involves sports. I feel like sports make up my personality. Even if I am weak at some sports, it helped build up my leadership, my confidence to achieve something that I need to work on, and my ability to stay competitive against others. The closest career that dealt with sports and made a decent amount of money was athl etic training. Taping injuries, teaching the players’ different exercises, and much more sounds so fun and a career that I can spend the rest of my life to doing.I someday hope to be working at a college that I graduated from hoping to be either Boise State University or University of Montana. My goal is to have started a family business to help my family out with money and also to help people that are in need of sports injuries. I want my business to be a gym where members can workout. When they get an injury or have a question about an injury, I will have employees by their side in no time to answer their questions.If the member wants they can have a personal trainer to help him or her out. This business will have a gym and such others there they can play basketball, tennis, racquetball, weight room, and etc. I hope to make the business fun but yet a serious place where people with such injuries can get the help that they need to make their lives better. My future ahead of me looks bright and exciting. I want to achieve my goals in order my future to end up what I have wrote above.

Study of the Mian Beverage Company (Pvt) limited in Pakistan The WritePass Journal

Study of the Mian Beverage Company (Pvt) limited in Pakistan Study of the Mian Beverage Company (Pvt) limited in Pakistan Chapter 1  Introduction1.1 Company Profile1.1.1  Ã‚  Vision:  1.1.2  Ã‚  Mission:1.1.3 Corporate Objective1.2 Organization Structure Chapter 2 Literature Review2.1 Environmental Analysis2.1.1 SWOT Analysis2.1.1.1 Strengths: 2.1.1.2 Weaknesses:2.1.1.3 Opportunities:2.1.1.4 Threats:2.1.2   PEST Analysis2.1.2.1 Political:2.1.2.2 Economical:   2.1.2.4 Technological:2.2 Marketing Strategies2.2.1 Product Opportunity Matrix2.2.2 BCG Matrix 2.2.3 Product Life Cycle2.3 TARGET MARKET2.3.1Who is our consumers?2.3.2Target marketing2.3.3 Market Segmentation2.4 GAP ANALYSIS2.5 Competitors:2.6 Price:Chapter 3Research Methodology3.1 Overview of the Research Methods3.1.1 Positivism3.1.2 Realism3.1.3 Interpretive3.2 Research Methods:  Ã‚  Ã‚   3.2.1 Qualitative: 3.2.2 Quantitative:  3.2.3 Comparison of Qualitative and Quantitative research methods3.3 Exploratory Research3.4 Descriptive Research3.5 Casual Research3.6 Data Collection:3.6.1 Primary Data Collection3.6.2 Secondary Data Coll ection3.6.3 Questionnaires 3.7 Justification of the Research Application3.8 Limitation of ResearchChapter 4 Summary of the Response Details4.1 Age Distribution.4.2 Gender Distributions.4.3 Change of Taste.4.4   Brand Consciousnesses.4.5   Boost of Energy.4.6 Energy Drink is harmful for health.4.7 Affordability of Price.4.8. Reason to buy a new Energy Drink.4.9   Use of Caffine is addictive.4.10 Purchase of new energy drink4.11 Interest to buy the Xtreme.4.12. Alternative Energy drinks.4.13 If this product were available today, when would you be most likely to buy it?Chapter 5 Data Analysis  5.1   Age + Gender Distribution5.2 Change of Taste + Brand Consciousness 5.3 Boost of Energy + Harmful for Health5.4 Use of Caffine is addictive5.5 Affordability of Price + Reason to buy New Drink5.6 Interest to buy Xtreme + CompetitorsChapter 6 ConclusionRelated Chapter 1   Introduction 1.1 Company Profile The Mian Beverage Company (Pvt) limited has been active in the market since July 28, 2006. The company aimed to achieve a reputation for quality beverages and their distribution in Pakistan. The company started his business with some products like fruit juices and mineral water, which were available very well in the market of Multan and surroundings and had established the company as a quality-oriented organization. It currently has a product portfolio of 2 products. The company’s products are famous in the market for their high quality. The company is now planning to further expand their products by adding itself into the energy drink market with the launch of an energy drink named Xtreme. 1.1.1  Ã‚  Vision:   Our vision is to provide a greatest level of satisfaction through service to our customers along with very high standard of customer service. We have also a vision to offer our customers top quality control of products and services. 1.1.2  Ã‚  Mission: The mission of our company to offer good products which are free from artificial colours and provide best quality in a affordable price in order to get maximum market share and develop a trust of the product amount the customers. 1.1.3 Corporate Objective â€Å"At the Beverage Company Pvt. Ltd we strive to operate our company on a sound financial basis of profitable growth increasing for our stake holders and creating career opportunities and financial rewards for our employees† 1.2 Organization Structure We believe in brand management and therefore follow organization structure for all our brands. CEO Rizwan Amjad Brand Manager Zahid Hameed Marketing Manager Finance Manager Product Manager Muhammad Ahsan Hassan Khan Omer Farooq The Brand Manager monitors trends and market activities to ensure that the right message delivered to their customers about their products. The Brand Manager is closely to different teams like Researchers, Marketing, and developers and create agencies to make sure that all of them followed their company’s brand values. Marketing plays a very important role in every field of business life and Marketing Manager is a person who knows customers needs so his responsibilities can vary enormously but always has a central objectives. As Marketing Managers use a wide range of marketing techniques and think creatively, and introduce new ways of communications with customers. The Financial aspects of the brand are handled and monitored by the Finance Manager. The Product Manger is in charge of meeting the set benchmarks for production and mainly the Total Quality Management (TQM). This project aims to approach in a theoretically and practically manner the main aspects of launching a new product. There will be analyzed one by one all the stages of the launching process of a new product, throughout the project there will be used theoretical concepts from the marketing literature and for illustrating the examples there will be used marketing research results conducted by specialized companies and personal secondary data processing. The issue of launching a new product is not very complex in the field of energy drinks products because the pace of innovation is developing not very rapidly and the competition between producers is very slow (as for as innovation is concern). For a new product to be successful, its necessity, quality and value must be recognized by the consumer, meaning to be tested, accepted and bought in a repeated way The concept of â€Å"new product† has several meanings: In terms of marketing, the new product is that product which is launched on the market at one moment and finds no equivalent in the existing supply; From the consumer point of view, the new product is one that has the potential to satisfy a new need or an existing one. From the company point of view, the new product is any product assimilated into production for the first time by the company. There are some assumptions from which the producer is tempted to start in creating and launching a new product: a strong brand sells everything; a new product will be sold because of consumer curiosity, a high price is a guarantee of quality for the new product; a strong promotional campaign will convince a significant number of consumers to purchase the product; some consumers will be unsatisfied, so the company should not change the vision and strategy; the product can be improved over time following the users. Energy Drinks and other new beverages are taking the business world by storm. Some say its the new gold rush! Lear how to profit from it. Everyone can start their own Energy Drink or New Age Beverage. The barrier of entry to get into the market is not very high. You dont need to have millions of dollars to start your own energy drink. You do need some money but you need more vision and work. Why passion and elbow grease? Well, just because you bottle your Energy Drink does not mean youll sell it. Distributors get hundreds of calls per month from new energy drinks, or JAED (Just Another Energy Drink). Do something different! Target new people; create a new package, not just another energy drink. Dont just say I have the best flavor or it tastes better than red bull. Having a better tasting energy drink is not the basis for a new company. It is very easy to have a better tasting energy drink. So what exactly are New Age Beverages? Well, this is a new category within the Beverage Industry that covers the new style of beverages. This new category is growing and changing. Before only Energy Drinks and really new innovative beverages where part of the category. Now the category has evolved and you can include enhanced water, teas, diet drinks, iced coffee and really, any new drink. Every beverage company wants’ to be associated with the New Age category because not just because its sexier but because the category is growing quicker and investors are looking at it up close. What are the energy drinks? Energy drinks are non-alcoholic beverages which are intended to provide a quick burst of high energy to the consumer. Cola and coffee drink have long been promoted and known as energy drinks meant to give you a little pick me up, mostly in the form of caffeine and sugar. Jolt Cola in the 80,s was one of the early entries in the energy drink market, with double the caffeine of normal cola. It was marketed towards teen and college students as a way to get an energy edge and keep you awake and energized. Their slogan, in fact, was twice the caffeine. Jolt has in fact recently been reincarnated given the success of other energy drinks. What are the most popular energy drinks? Red Bull, created by an Austrian company, really defined the category, and was launched in Europe in the late 1980s. Their slogan is Red Bull gives you wings, with images of winged bulls flying in their ads and logos. Japan and Thailand have a longer history of energy drinks and the use of caffeine has been a key ingredient in those countries. Energy drinks acting as an alternative to coffee were first introduced in Europe. In Europe, energy drinks were pioneered by the S. Spitz Company and a product named Power Horse, The market received a significant boost when  Red Bull  entered the US market in 1997. After this successful market introduction, various beverage companies including Coca-Cola and Pepsi entered the market. Austria-based Red Bull remains the market leader though with an approximate market share of 65%. According to Beverage Marketing, the growth rate of this industry had been doubling every since the late 90s. The current U.S. domestic market may be approximately $4 billion, expected to grow to an estimated US $10 billion by 2010. Recent years have witnessed the emergence of several new energy drinks. They include KMX of Coca-Cola, 180 of Anheuser-Busch, Hansens Energy, and Adre naline Rush of PepsiCos So Be. Pepsi had earlier introduced AMP under the Mountain Dew brand and also Extreme Energy by Arizona Beverage Company was launched. Growth of the current worldwide market for energy drinks is estimated at 17.8%. Major producers are focusing heavily on marketing, targeting the promotion of energizing conception, result-oriented marketing and product positioning and a greater push into developing markets. Energy drinks are typically attractive to young people. Approximately 65% percent of its drinkers are between the ages of 16 and 35 years old, with males being approximately 65% of the market.  A 2008 statewide Patient Poll conducted by the Pennsylvania Medical Societys Institute for Good Medicine found that: 20% of respondents ages 21–30 had used energy drinks in high school or college to stay awake longer to study or write a paper; 70% of respondents knew someone who had used an energy drink to stay awake longer to study or work.  Energy drinks are also popular as  drink mixers. The â€Å"Mian Beverage Company† is a Beverage firm going to launch a new product in Pakistan. It’s an energy drink product with the name â€Å"Extreme†. The firm is going to start its operation in a limited geographical level. The company growth policy is to fulfill the customer need with quality product to grow. Our product is an energy drink. Now the question here is; what exactly is an energy drink? Is it something that keeps you awake for long hours? Something that gives you extra energy to work for hours? Or is it a supplement that compensates for the lost salt and water in your body? We selected what we felt to be the best combination of ingredients to provide positive results without negative side effects We also wanted Xtreme products to be helpful to a wide range of people, not just athletes or students or some other specialized group. Xtreme offers better taste, better Flavours; it is an energy drink that can be used by anyone and everyone. Xtreme provides better quality and a better image, the competition for energy drinks is high no doubt, but our drink provides a light better tasting with a wide variety of Flavours, better packaged and better imaged energy supplement that can even be used as a substitute for water which can compensate for your body water and salts. This business is work, but there is a lot of profit in it and even more fun. You have special events, parties, promotions, and you can spin and position your products the way you want, having fun in the process. Why are these drinks growing at 50% per year or more? Why do we see so many waters, energy drinks, hydrating products, etc. on the market today? The answer is easy. Consumers are demanding more and more drinks. They want drinks for every occasion or part of the day. They want organic drinks, sugary drinks, healthy drinks and every type of drink to fit their personality, and style.    Chapter 2 Literature Review Diversification strategies are used to expand firms operations by adding new market or product. It seeks to increase profitability through greater sales volume obtained from a new product. The PEST SWOT analysis, Product Life Cycle, and Product Opportunity Matrix are very important when you launch a new product so we will go through these analyses and for this purpose we have to study these analyses thoroughly. So for these purpose we use some books, journals and websites to examine these analysis. In order to launch a new product we must have some information about its origin and history.   The term â€Å"energy drinks† refers to beverages that contain caffeine in combination with other ingredients such as taurine, guarana, and B vitamins, and that claims to provide its consumers with extra energy (1). This term was created by companies in the beverage industry (1) and is not recognized by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) or the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA. 2.1 Environmental Analysis 2.1.1 SWOT Analysis SWOT Analysis is a very effective way of identifying one’s (internal analysis that is) Strengths and Weaknesses, and of examining the Opportunities and Threats (the external factors) that one face. Carrying out an analysis using the SWOT framework helps to focus the activities into areas where one is strong and where the greatest opportunities lie. 2.1.1.1 Strengths: Mian Beverage has a strong financial background in beverage industry and has some abundant working capital. We have already a strong distribution channel so because of this existing delivery channels we would not face any difficulties to distribute our new product. Our taste is very different and good so it will provide a pleasant change to the customers and defiantly it will create better image of Mian Beverage Company in the market and most important we have a clear knowledge of our target market. 2.1.1.2 Weaknesses: Mian Beverage could face a price pressure from its competitors because these companies like Red Bull, Blue Ox has large market share and they have already create their market. 2.1.1.3 Opportunities: We have a product that is according to market needs i.e. Low Price and Good Taste that hasn’t been well catered. Also this market has potential to grow further very well. In this situation Competitors might be slow to respond and we should grab this opportunity to increase our sales as much as possible and we should take advantage of people’ increased spending power. A great opportunity is waiting if Xtreme is to be able to provide a low cast good energy drink in the market 2.1.1.4 Threats: The biggest threat for Mian Beverage is a unstable political situation of the country and because of this business conditions of the country is not very favourable for business community. The energy shortfall of the country has reach 5500 M/W and because of this load shedding has increase more than 16 hours daily and under this situation, it is very difficult for company to survive because use of generators is not affordable with high petroleum prices.   Other companies in the same business with innovative plans are currently a threat for the company. 2.1.2   PEST Analysis The term PESTLE has been used regularly in the last 10+ years but its true history is difficult to establish. For scanning the Business environment first it appears by Francis J Aguilar (1967) who discusses â€Å"ETPS’ a mnemonic for the four sectors of environment. Economic, Technical, Political and Social. Shortly after its publication Arnold Brown for the institute of Life insurance in US reorganized it as STEP (Strategic Trend Evaluation Process) as way to organize the result of his environment scanning. Thereafter it again modified to become a so called STEPE. In 1980,s several other authors including Fahey, Narayanan, Morrison, Renfro, Boucher, Mecca, and Porter included variations in a variety of orders like PEST, PESTLE, STEEPLE, etc The term PESTLE is particularly popular on HR and introductory marketing course in the UK. The acronym PEST (or sometimes rearranged as STEP) is used to describe a framework for the analysis of these macro environmental factors. A PEST analysis fit into an overall environmental scan as shown in the figure. Source:   Proven models 2.1.2.1 Political: Political/government factors can be affected The Mian Beverage Company in many ways. Food and drink safety and security regulations will continue to be a hot issue as many producers strive to make sure that there will be only good and safe ingredients entering and leaving their processing units. In this industry, bad experience by customers turns into bad reputation. The Mian beverage company needs to be in compliance now more than ever with food and drink safety commissions so that they can ensure that there will be no bad experiences to give them poor publicity. Government policies can also affect the Mian Beverages business. Sometimes Government policies favor the business but on the other hand can affect the business too. Trade restrictions and tariff can also affect Mian Beverages. If there is a increase in import duty and strengthen their policies regarding import/export then it will also affect Mian Beverages business because Mian Beverages import many products from different countries. Political Stability is also a important factor which may affect Mian Beverages business because if there is no political stability in country then there no continuity of policies and because of this investors feel hesitation to invest his money. Security situation in a country may affect the Mian Beverages business because investor feels insecure about his money and property. Tax policies are also play a vital role in affecting the business because increase in Sales Tax, Income Tax will defiantly decrease the purchasing power of the buyer. 2.1.2.2 Economical:   Economical factors can also affect at Mian Beverages business so it is very important to analyze these factors in order to take precautionary measures. If the inflation rate goes up then the result of that purchasing power of the lay man is affected and result of that affect the Mian Beverages business. Exchange rates also affect Mian Beverages because there are many items which Mian Beverages have to import from other countries and if the exchange rate is high then it will defiantly cost Mian Beverages. Unemployment is also important factor and if the unemployment ration is very high then people purchasing power is also low and it will affect Mian Beverages business. Recession is also a very important factor which can affect Mian Beverages business The increase in Sales   Tax is also affect Mian Beverages business because after include Sales tax, the price of many items rise beyond the large number of population and they refused to buy these items which are within their budget before sales tax increase. because if the business conditions of the country are not very good and profit ratio goes down consistently then company have to downsize their employee and the result of that purchasing power of people affect which also affect Mian Beverages business.   2.1.2.3 Sociological: Mian Beverages can be affected by social factors because taste, likes and social trends can affect the demand and supply line of the company. If people become more health conscious and they have more awareness then the past then it can also affect Mian Beverages business because many researches said that energy drinks are not very good for health then people may stop to buy the energy drinks. 2.1.2.4 Technological: Today technological factor plays a vital role if a company wants to increase their business and wants to retain their customers. For this purpose Mian Beverages used many IT means. Research and development is a factor which can affect Mian Beverages business. When Mian Beverages launch a new product then in order to analyze customers need and requirements Mian Beverages has RD development programme for safeguard its loss in future. Technology reduces the labor cost of Mian Beverages which will result increase in profit. For example installation of automatic machines and CCTV cameras to avoid a extra resource in factory and more security guards. Rate of technological change may also affect Mian Beverages business in a way if Mian Beverage is not aware with the latest technology then it is very difficult for Mian Beverages to compete with their competitors and rate of technology change is high then it will impact positively because technology always work for reduce human effort . Techn ology gives a means and opportunities to cut costs and improve efficiency. All this will be done as per HALAL regulations but keeping abreast with optimum hygiene conditions. No alcohol will be used in our energy drinks. Hygienic conditions are the single most important aspect of our products and services. The focus needs to remain on the customers, atmosphere and the product quality; not so much on the computer systems and the technology trends. 2.2 Marketing Strategies Marketing† comes from the Latin word merx or mercis meaning merchandise. Originally a market was a large open space where merchandise was displayed for sale, like pictures we’ve seen of large open marketplaces in Third World countries, or today’s farmer’s market. Originally, â€Å"marketing† involved selling products in a marketplace. And that is still the core meaning. But professional marketing has evolved to such a high degree of sophistication, like computer science and medicine, that it involves much more than just selling in a marketplace. A strategy is a long-term plan to achieve certain objectives. A  marketing strategy is therefore a  marketing plan  designed to achieve marketing objectives. For example, marketing objective may relate to becoming the market leader by delighting customers. The strategic plan therefore is the detailed planning involving marketing research, and then developing a  marketing mix  to delight customers. Every organization needs to have clear  marketing objectives, and the major route to achieving organizational goals will depend on strategy. It is important, therefore, to be clear about the difference between strategy and tactics. For this purpose we some matrix which are as under: Product Opportunity Matrix Product Life Cycle BCG Matrix 2.2.1 Product Opportunity Matrix The product/market opportunity matrix identifies four alternative marketing strategies that may be used to maintain and/or increase sales of business units and products: market penetration, market development, product development, and diversification.   Source:   Problogger Energy drink is a new concept introduced in our market and since our competition is domestic instead of international, our major competitors include Red Bull, Bomba, Bull Power and other energy drinks that have their lead in the market. Xtreme already has its juices and mineral water running successfully, and seeks to develop this new product targeting the existing market segments of the energy drinks at an introductory price, which is not only cheap but also affordable by all. 2.2.2 BCG Matrix The BCG Matrix is a portfolio planning modal which was developed by Bruce Henderson of Boston Consulting group in early 1070,s. It is based on market growth and market share relative to the largest market competitors. It is a simple tool to access company’s position in respect of its product range and help the company to decide what should they keep, what should they leave and further help them to set their priorities that which product within the company’s product list to give more funded and attention There are four main components of BCG Matrix which we going to explain further. Source:   BGN Entrepreneur Question mark in which extreme falls is associated with less market share and high market growth. This suggests that they have potential but may require heavy investment. It is growing very quickly and because of this, consume large amount of cash as they have low market share so they cannot generate much cash. A question Mark (also known as Problem Child) has the potential to get market share   and become a star and eventually a cash cow, when the market growth slows, if a question mark doesn’t succeed to become a star, then after might be a year of cash consumption it will degenerate into a dog when the market growth decline. It is very important to analyze the question carefully whether they have the worth to investment required to grow market share. Xtreme is a business unit having a small market share in a high growth market. We would therefore require resources to grow market share. This is because our initial market share consists of our juices and mineral water. 2.2.3 Product Life Cycle A new product progress through a sequence of stage s from introduction to growth maturity and decline. This sequence is known as Product life cycle and is associated with the changes in the market situation                                       Source:   Quick MBA Basically, Xtreme energy drink is in the introduction stage of the product life cycle. Its launch date is 12th of September’11. 2.3 TARGET MARKET 2.3.1Who is our consumers? The first step in target marketing process is segmentation. We segmented the market aged between 17-35 years because in this segment, we came to know that consumers specially young adults aged 18-23 are increasingly facing too many options to choose from, like Red Bull, Caution, Blue OX, Gatorade etc. 2.3.2Target marketing We have selected a target segment rather than the entire market. 2.3.3 Market Segmentation Market segmentation proves beneficial if it is done correctly. A straight forward approach to segmenting, targeting and reaching a market involves five steps: Form prospective buyers into segments by characteristics. Form products to be sold into groups. Estimate the size of the markets. Select target markets. Take marketing actions to reach the target markets. In segmenting Xtreme’s market, age, outlet type, density, income and life style are all useful characteristics for market segmentation. Age can be divided into various parts such as 16-24 (college students athletes) and 25-35 (professional athletes). Density segmentation can follow urban and suburban localities. Lastly, lifestyle can by separated into health conscious consumers and those who are not. Obviously, Multan market is quite large, so selecting target markets would be ideal. We feel that age, lifestyle and outlet type are three niche segments that Xtreme should focus on in Multan to gain sales. I think that focusing on caffeine drinkers (approximately ages 18+), in general, would be a wise decision because Xtreme can be a substitute drink for caffeine beverages like coffee. We also think that focusing more specifically on college students and athletes as well as professionals, aged 15-35, and would benefit from Xtreme tremendously because these two segments are the company’s main consumers. After all, some of the main benefits of Xtreme are to help improve physical endurance, concentration, reaction speed and increase mental alertness. Also, focusing on health conscious consumers would account for people who are concerned 2.4 GAP ANALYSIS GAP analysis is a tool which companies are used to check their self that where they are and where they want to go in future. The Mian Beverage Company Pvt Ltd carried out a survey and found that the people we should be targeting are from the middle class and the upper middle class, who have a household income of Rs.40000 and above. In Pakistan it has been noted that the majority of energy drink consumers which comprises mostly of men continuously change brand, so thus there is no brand loyalty for energy drinks in Pakistan. And as energy drinks are new to Pakistan, the market share for any specific brand is not determined as yet. On doing a survey we concluded by the results that the majority target market is willing to pay Rs.31 to Rs.60 for a good nourishing and good tasting energy drink. In the market we have seen that there are two kinds of energy drinks targeting the market extremes. At one side there is Energile, Glucose D, Habib Insta energy etc and at the other side there is Red Bull, Horse Power, Bomba etc. The market segment, which we are targeting, comprises mainly of people who have a busy life style and need to keep energized to get through the tough day. So therefore they need something, which provides them with energy throughout the day. There are some imported drinks in the market, but they are expensive as they are imported. 2.5 Competitors: The energy drink industry is still in its birth stage in Pakistan and is highly disorganized and fragmented. There are no large-scale competitors present and only a few international players exist in the markets that sell their products via very upscale retail outlets catering to the very elite of our society. Technically, at the moment, there is no pioneer in the Pakistani markets. However, the product will face a high level of competition from these international players that are increasing their supply of the product in the market day by day. Many new soft and energy drinks have been developed in recent years, worldwide, offering consumers a multitude of more interesting and unusual alternatives to standard soft drinks and alcoholic beverages. The Pakistani markets are experiencing a change in trend towards drinks that aid some type of lifestyle activity, the best example being energy drinks, such as Red Bull. Excluding Pakistan from the list, there are many countries in which energy drinks have become associated with young people who frequent the clubbing scene.Pre-mixed and flavored energy drinks tend to appeal to consumers aged between 17 and 34 years old. To meet the demands of these consumers, new energy drinks are coming up every day in the Pakistani markets. Furthermore, one of the recent launches of these kinds of drinks in Pakistan includes Iced tea by Nestle. Our most notable competitors in the market are: Red Bull energy drink. Sting energy drink.   Boster energy drink. Powerful energy drink.   EMU energy drink. Although the firm will be facing a tough competition with these international companies, but still it would do much better sales then these firms. That is because we will open up our very own retail outlets and the availability rate of our product is going to be much higher then the rate of these international energy drinks. Besides this, price 2.6 Price: *These are the prices currently offered by our competitors in Pakistan. Competitors (Rs.) RedBull 145 Sting 130 Boster 65 Powerful 75 EMU 65   *These are the prices we are offering with the various flavours of Xtreme, Flavours Can (Rs.) Xtreme Live Wire (Lime) 275 ml 55 Xtreme Punch (Fruit Punch) 275 ml 55 Xtreme Hot Rod (Black Current) 275 ml 55 Xtreme Blast (Orange) 275 ml 55 Chapter 3 Research Methodology Once the author is done with a great discussion about the literature related to the topic of this current research, the next job as per the structure defined at the beginning is to describe the research methodology. The importance of the research methodology chapter in any kind of research cannot be ignored as it is the actual chapter in which the actual research is going to be done to gain the information and data so that the research can be carried out successfully. All the sciences have their own procedures and rules on which they are based to prove their validity. The scientists of any science carryout experiences to evaluate the truth of knowledge got from their observations, experiences and area of study. Same as other scientists of other sciences business analysts also carry out their research and present their research and findings. This research could be useful because this research could be an attempt to move from a specific point to general to make boarder form with the st rategic objectives of the companies. When these peoples work according to their set plans and objectives, then the procedure according to which they take on their activity is called methodology. In research method, Simpson (1954) defined is Methodology is that organized packet of principles devised to elicit or obtain information about certain areas of study.   He furthers says that with known methodology one can work in an organized way. In every field of study certain methodology is available which is a guideline for researches to work on specified directions to achieve their goals. Other authors explains the methodology chapter as a principle which help the author to evaluate the subject topic through collecting data and information related to the topic which is then analyzed for the results. (Ronald Leroy Burback. 2008) In every research, the author utilizes the data of two different kinds, therefore, primary data and secondary data. The research methodology has been defined as a chapter in which the overall layout of the research is defined and the author can then follow this structure to compete the research processes. Market research provides businesses with information about their customers, their competitors, and their overall industry. It is commonly used to identify marketing problems and opportunities, as well as to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of marketing strategies. Small  business  owners, because of their usually limited financial resources, have a particular need for adequate, accurate, and current information to aid them in making decisions. Although market research can be costly and it is often even more expensive when we make decisions based on bad and inadequate information. 3.1 Overview of the Research Methods The importance of the research methodology chapter in any kind of research cannot be ignored as it is the actual chapter in which the actual research is going to be done to gain the information and data so that the research can be carried out successfully. The research methodology has been defined as a chapter in which the overall layout of the research is defined and the author can then follow this structure to compete the research processes. In this research study the author is going to adopt the research of both kinds therefore, Primary and secondary. And the in order to collect primary data, the author is going to use the use primary technique that is known as questionnaire in which he is going to ask the respondents about different related questions so that the information related to the topic can be acquired. 3.1.1 Positivism Positivist is an important research approach within the information systems discipline. The basic principle of positivism is that all factual knowledge is based on the positive information gained from observable experiences and that any idea beyond this dominion of demonstrate able fact are metaphysical. Only analytic statements are allowed to be known as true through reason alone. Thus Roses are flowers is analytic, whilst Roses are fragrant is synthetic and requires evidence. The six tenets of Positivism are: Naturism  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2. Phenomenalism  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   3. Nominalism 4. Atomism  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   5. Scientific laws  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   6. Facts and values According to Bradman et al, (1998) the positivism philosophy uses more primary research methods in which questionnaires, interviews and surveys can be utilized as research techniques to make sure the data is collected in quantitative form. 3.1.2 Realism Realism is a research method and its philosophy is measured as an approach in which considered only those things exist in the nature, which can be seen, felt and remaining things are excluded from the reality. So the author believes that this thinking move him toward an approach in which reality are reviewed and analyze through scientific methods. 3.1.3 Interpretive Interpretive studies assume that people create and associate their own subjective and inter subjective meanings as they interact with the world around them.   Interpretive researchers thus attempt to understand phenomena through accessing the meanings participants assign to them’ The interpretive research approach towards the relationship between theory and practice is that the researcher can never assume a value-neutral stance, and is always implicated in the phenomena being studied. There are certain situations and cases of studies where there are factors and realities are available however, there are no proper proof available thus requires more interpretation from the author so that hypothesis and theories can be tested through natural realities. In such cases, the authors prefer to use the interpretive philosophy because it is best suited. Using interpretive techniques or philosophy the phenomenon between the social factors and the realities is created which is then justified through the data which is collected with the use of qualitative methods. One the author has examined all the research philosophies, the next step for the author is very critical in which the author has to choose the right philosophy for the research. The selection is made on the grounds of the objectives and aims of the research therefore he has decided to choose Positivism Approach for the current research. 3.2 Research Methods:  Ã‚  Ã‚   The information gathered from market research can be divided into two categories. The first type is primary information and in order to collect the primary data the author is normally use questionnaires technique in which he asked to the respondents about different related questions so that he gets information about his proposal. The some other methods to collect Primary data are direct mails, telemarketing and personal interviews. The second type is secondary information. Secondary research occur when a project requires a summery or collection of existing data. These secondary sources could be include Previous research reports , newspapers, magazines, journals, and Government or NGO statistics. This research will look for both Secondary and primary data. The source of primary data would remain the interviews and question papers. The primary data further divided in two types i.e. Qualitative and Quantitative. 3.2.1 Qualitative: Qualitative data is extremely varied in nature. It includes virtually any information that can be captured that is not numerical in nature This method is used to exploring issues , understanding phenomena   through the analysis of understructure information like interviews , open end survey , emails , notes , feedback forms and this information can be used to make business decisions and form a policies. 3.2.2 Quantitative: Quantitative research is about asking people for their opinions in a structured way so that you can produce hard facts and statistics to guide you. Our company will go for both researches primary as well as secondary. Furthermore, the study would be mostly inclined towards the qualitative research. However, the interviews would be mainly via telephone, Skype, Feedback form, questionnaires and email. Quite understandably, considering the limited population the sample would be selected based on convenience and snowball sampling (William, 2009).   3.2.3 Comparison of Qualitative and Quantitative research methods Qualitative Quantitative All research ultimately has a qualitative grounding Theres no such thing as qualitative data. Everything is either 1 or 0 The aim is a complete, detailed description. The aim is to classify features, count them, and construct statistical models in an attempt to explain what is observed. Researcher may only know roughly in advance what he/she is looking for. Researcher knows clearly in advance what he/she is looking for. Recommended during earlier phases of research projects. Recommended during latter phases of research projects. The design emerges as the study unfolds. All aspects of the study are carefully designed before data is collected. Researcher is the data gathering instrument. Researcher uses tools, such as questionnaires or equipment to collect numerical data. Data is in the form of words, pictures or objects. Data is in the form of numbers and statistics. Subjective individualsï ¿ ½ interpretation of events is important ,e.g., uses participant observation, in-depth interviews etc. Objective ï ¿ ½ seeks precise measurement analysis of target concepts, e.g., uses surveys, questionnaires etc. Qualitative data is more rich, time consuming, and less able to be generalized. Quantitative data is more efficient, able to test hypotheses, but may miss contextual detail. Researcher tends to become subjectively immersed in the subject matter. Researcher tends to remain objectively separated from the subject matter. 3.3 Exploratory Research There are differences cases and different kinds of the researches. Each research has a different principals and requirements. Exploratory research is conducted to clarify ambiguous problems. Management may have discovered general problems, but research is needed to gain better understanding of the dimensions of the problems. Exploratory research is conducted into an issue or problem where there are few or no earlier studies to refer to. The main objectives of exploratory research are as follow. To establish, a classification of marketing research projects into two main categories: exploratory research and conclusive research. To describe the proper use of focus groups in exploratory research and to clarify their limitations. To describe the case study method, its uses and its limitations. Sometime the data is   not available to the required amount even primary research does not provide a sufficient data. 3.4 Descriptive Research Descriptive research is mostly based on the behavioural studies and attitudinal studies because the information and knowledge can be formatted in descriptive format. For the descriptive research methods, the author normally adopt primary research methods, therefore, surveys, interviews and different kinds of observations which help the author to collect behavioural information about the topic of the study from the respondents. 3.5 Casual Research In order to find out the differences between the causes and effects, the authors are recommended to use causal research methods. (Kotler et al, 2006) This research is also known as experimental design through which the experiments done in different libraries are examined through different methods. There are different variables involved in the research which are examined and those variables can be independent or dependent and their natural relationship is also determined through causal research. In the following table, the author has mentioned the differences between the two approaches; Deductive approach Inductive approach Begins with theory and move to hypothesis followed by focus on research objectives. Starts with close understanding of research Uses quantitative approach to research Associates with qualitative approach to generate theory Promotes idea of experimentation to test hypothesis Generates new theory for research emphasis Source: Saunders M, P. Lewis et al (2007) 3.6 Data Collection: It is the most important part of the research where author has be very careful in selecting the right method for his research. The cost, Duration and results can be changed due to the difference of data collection. 3.6.1 Primary Data Collection The first part of the data collection is a primary method but it is very expensive and time consuming because in which data is directly collected from respondents. The advantage of this method is that it focus on the specific issue while in secondary data may contains details which is not necessary for your research. 3.6.2 Secondary Data Collection As compare with Primary data , this is very easier and less costly. Through secondary data collection method information is collected indirectly and is available to the author through different means. The data which we get is more reliable because this information has already been used by some other. Researchers. 3.6.3 Questionnaires It is a method to get the primary data and used when author wants to get the response from many respondents and author used this method where the data can be compress into small format for easy analysis. There are two types of questions. One has open ended question and respondents has the option to add something as his/her views and the other type is close ended question which has some specific choices. 3.7 Justification of the Research Application The questionnaires method has been used in order to get the information for this research and as per the requirement of the topic this is the best method which author can be used for his study. The reason, why author used this method is that the information got through this method is quality of information. The author is provide the questionnaires to those people who are between the age of 16 to 35 and respond from them is more reliable as all the respondents are the people related to this research. 3.8 Limitation of Research In every research there are always some limitations which are difficult to remove from the research. If the author is well aware about these limitations then author can at least take precautionary steps in order to reduce their negative impact on the results of overall research. Sample size can play a vital role in a manner that if author is able to control the sample size without affecting over all research results. Chapter 4 Summary of the Response Details This part of the project is based on to collect the data and then analyse it after convert it into tabular form and graphical representations. The data collection through questionnaires cannot be neglected because we collected this information through a most reliable source which is questionnaires and it is very important to conduct a survey.   The sample size is 30 to whom Author given questionnaires and asked them to fill it and all of them filled their questionnaires and returned to the Author. It was also assured to them that their personal information will be kept confidential under data protection act. 4.1 Age Distribution. 16 25 26 35 Over 35 14 13 3 4.2 Gender Distributions. Male Female Unspecified 21 9 0    4.3 Change of Taste. Yes Probably Probably Not No 16 7 2 5       4.4   Brand Consciousnesses. Yes No 10 20    4.5   Boost of Energy. Strongly Agree Agree Dont Know Disagree Strongly Disagree 8 12 5 4 1      4.6 Energy Drink is harmful for health. Strongly Agree Agree Dont Know Disagree Strongly Disagree 3 10 15 1 1 4.7 Affordability of Price. 15 30 31 60 61 90 91 120 9 14 5 2 4.8. Reason to buy a new Energy Drink. Brand Price Packing Availability 10 6 8 6 4.9   Use of Caffine is addictive. Strongly Agree    Dont Know Disagree Strongly Disagree 5 16 6 3 0 4.10 Purchase of new energy drink Yes Probably Probably Not No 13 12 3 2 4.11 Interest to buy the Xtreme. Very Interested interested Neutral Uninterested Very uninterested 7 10 9 2 2 4.12. Alternative Energy drinks. Red Bull Sting Booster Power Plus 11 8 5 5 4.13 If this product were available today, when would you be most likely to buy it? Within next month    Between   1 and 3 Months from now    Between   4 and 6 Months from now    Between   7 and   a year from now    I am not interested    15 7 3 1 4   Ã‚   Chapter 5 Data Analysis   In project research when we completed the data collection then the next step towards the project completion is data analysis. The organizational strategy and mindset linked associated with its approach to gain the more profit and good reputation of the company. For the this purpose different organization use different kind of methods and techniques like Competitive price, availability, right product to the right place etc. in order to check the Author’s hypothesis weather the data collection and response from different kind of people is in favor of Author or not Author must analyze the data received. 5.1   Age + Gender Distribution The above calculated results show that among the participants 60% are men and 40% are women who took part within this survey. Author received the response from the different age groups but the major response received from 16 to 35 and according to them male percentage is very high. The respondents have been divided according to their age groups. The collected results are quite understandable those tells that most of the participants belong to the age group of ‘20-30’, 10% belong to ‘Under 20’, 20% belong to ‘31-40’, 105 belong to ‘41-50’, 10% belong to ‘51-60’ and another 10% belong to ‘Over 60’. The results tell that most of the participants who participated in this survey are from the age group of ‘20-30’. 5.2 Change of Taste + Brand Consciousness It is a general perception that company brand and name plays a vital role in order to sale any product but Author’s response which he got different people of different age group is quite opposite from above stated because 67% people told that they are not brand conscious and if they get taste and good price from some non famous company they do not hesitate to buy a new product and among them 77% people shows their intentions that they are ready to change their taste. 43% people are ready to purchase a new energy drink and 40% told probably and it is also a positive sign for the author. 5.3 Boost of Energy + Harmful for Health Energy drinks are the most cheap and affordable way to boosts the energy and it is also proved through the response which Author received from data collection that 67% people endorse the statement that energy drink is most affordable way to increase the energy but on the other hand there is a continuous research ongoing that Energy drink is really harmful for health but there is still some diversion on that opinion that weather massive use of Energy drink is harmful or moderate use is also harmful. 43% people are agreeing with the above stated statement but on the other hand Author also got the response from 50% people they don’t know about this. This is a positive sign but there is a possible loss on profit if in upcoming days people get more aware and become health conscious. 5.4 Use of Caffine is addictive The above results clearly shows that 70% respondent agree with the statement that high use of cafine is really addictive, 20% don’t know about it and only 10 % disagree with this statement. In every Energy drink caffine is used but its quantity is bit high rather than Tea and coffee and there is a discussion in the world that is caffine is addictive or not and 70% people think that yes. It is also very alarming for the author. 5.5 Affordability of Price + Reason to buy New Drink The affordability of price and availability of the product is an important part of any business when there are already some product of the same kind exist and 47% people respond to the that both these things will encourage them to buy a new product and 77% people shows their price range below Rs:60 so it will defiantly help Author to decide their price of the product. 5.6 Interest to buy Xtreme + Competitors As Author knows that already there are different brands in the same market so Author must know that who is the most competitive competitor of his product and response from the populations showed that Red bull (37%) and Sting (27%) are the major competitors. If a company wants to launch a new product then it must know whether people are interested to buy your product or not. Author received the response from 57% people that they are ready to purchase new product and 50% people showed their interest to buy within next month if there is the availability of the product. Chapter 6 Conclusion In the previous chapter the results which Author got were analyzed and discussed comprehensively. In the current chapter the complete study process and findings and then we get the conclusion of this research. The main purpose of this research is to wrap those factors which have still not be discussed and mistreated. Environmental analysis is very important before launching a new product in the market. In the process of analyze environmental factors SWOT and PEST Analysis plays an important role and this analysis can be applied successfully for the efficiency and productivity of the company. Marketing Strategies are also have a vital role in order to place a new product in the market because today is age of marketing and every company use different marketing strategies but for this purpose every company must know that under which strategies where is its position. Product opportunity matrix, BCG matrix and Product life cycle are very important strategies which give you a clear picture that where is you now and how to step ahead towards success. Target marketing is a also very important aspect of this research and this segment of research helps the Author about to apply right marketing tools to the write people and right place. As this is the Energy Drink so people age 16 to 25 are the best customers which company must approach so market segmentation is very important in order to launch a new product. References Answers, 2011.Marketing Research.[Online] available at answers.com/topic/marketing-research[ Accessed at 6 June 2011] Asiamarketresearch,2011. Secondary Research . 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